know the basis of computer hardware knowledge

Do you know the how to clean the monitor screen of your computer or laptop? How to clean LCD screens or the latest LED screen and not harm the screen?This post bought to you by basic computer hardware knowledge blog..



Like most of us ,we might clean the laptop screen or LCD TV,plasma TV with water which is wrong, An LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED( light-emitting diodeconsists)is a soft film that is very sensitive and might damage from scratches, smudging, and clouding caused by the use of improper cleaning agents and harsh cloths.



DON'T! use ordinary tap water often include chemicals like chloride that will leave a residue on your screen.In additional coarse, paper towels or cloths may even scratch and damage your very sensitive LCD display, causing clouding and can even lead to dead pixels.

YOU need to be to be very careful when cleaning up you LED monitor or LCD screen ,wrong kind of cloth will most likely scratch the display screen,learn to use the proper way to clean an LED and LCD screen.

When you at computer store,you've probably have seem some of those LCD,LED cleaning solutions ,yes there are made for cleaning your monitor screen ,the best part is there will always included a soft cloth that is specialty used of cleaning the surface of monitor screen,and a bottol of cleaning liquid,the good news is you can DIY the cleaning liquid yourself , you only need 2 ingredients which is Isopropyl alcohol and Distilled Water.

DO NOT use rubbing alcohol, as it has lubricants in it that will smudge the screen and make it cloudy and just a gawd awful mess!For the same reasons why you DO NOT use 'rubbing alcohol' to clean cassette tape heads or CD/DVD lenses ...

The lubricant in rubbing alcohol will do them more harm than good!You will be able to find 85% (or better) pure isopropyl alcohol -- without lubricants added -- at most drugstore or pharmacies.Note that the 50% isopropyl alcohol cleaning solution seems to be endorsed by IBM also: http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-4A2P54

The step is easy and simple,just mix the both liquid which is Isopropyl alcohol and distilled water in equal parts (50/50) ,you can moxing up them inside an empty Windex-like bottle.Warning! Do not use tap water!

Tap water is diffrence to Distilled Water it will leave white smears on your screen after cleaning it up because of the dissolved minerals inside the water.

Remember always use a good, soft piece of microfiber cloth to clean your LCD ,LED monitor screen. Don't use paper ,tissues!! i know there were many people used paper ,tissues to cleaning up the screen,using those on your LCD,LED screen would be just like scrubbing sandpaper on it and may scratch it permanently.

Another point to remember is always turn off your LCD,LED screen while cleaning.,Dampen your piece of soft cloth with your cleaning mixture and then wipe the display gently from top to bottom. Never spray liquid directly onto the monitor screen!!!

Do it right ,use the right material ,after cleaning the screen, wait a few minutes to let your screen dry, and then turn it back on,your LCD,LED screen should now be sparkling clean.


others suggestion on materiel clean uo LCD LED Monitor screen:

-Distilled Water+Vinegar
Vinegar mixed with Distilled water at a concentration of no more than 10% vinegar. That's 6 1/2 tablespoons of vinegar per quart of water, 1 1/2 tablespoons per cup, or 100 ml per liter.

-Isopropyl Alcohol
-Petroleum Benzene

If you not sure how to mix those materail,you might also use "Glass Plus: Glass & Surface Cleaner" spray.which consists of 'Biodegradable cleaning agents', and it's essentially isopropyl alcohol.

Any cleaning products you use,remember,you should never spray anything directly on the screen. Liquid and electronics don't get along well and it's possible for the sprayed solution to get inside the monitor.

If you thinking to use a product that was specifically made to clean LCD screens,you can buy one online at Amazon ,it really cheap and effective...

Klear Screen iKlear iPod,LCD Cleaning Kit
Endust for Electronics LCD & Plasma Pop Up Wipes 70 CT 11506

What's the most basis thing we should know when connecting lap top to the TV large screen projectors?

Laptops and Projectors: How to,Tips and Hints By Computer knowledge Blog.

Lap-top is protable compare to desktop home PC ,since it is easy to carry around ,it can use as a presentation tool too.This section will help you learn how this takes place and how to make your laptop work with "projectors".

Because there are literally thousands of laptop configurations, models, screen sizes and screen resolutions out there, we cannot know how each laptop works.

Please understand that the information presented here is no substitute for reading your instruction manual, testing beforehand or a hands-on training. Spending 30 minutes testing the equipment BEFORE any presentation can save you a lot of time.

How to use an lap top to work with TV projectors

Before you get stated, you gonna need to know these stuffs:

* know your laptop's display requirements.
* know your laptop's resolution requirements.
* Know how to configure your ethernet adapter for the Internet (we do not have information on IP addresses).
* Always have a backup plan.

Attaching your computer to TV projectors:
You attach a VGA cable FROM the laptop to the projector or console.

The cable attaches to your laptop via the EXTERNAL MONITOR port on the back of your laptop:

Important note: Some laptops like the Sony Vaio, the Apple iBook, Powerbooks and MacBookPro do not have standard VGA monitor connectors. Make sure you have any adapters or docking ports with you or you will not be able to connect to the consoles.

And the standard VGA connection show like below.This is the monitor out connector on the back panel of a Apple G3. The connection on a PC is identical.  



This is a standard VGA cable connector.

 

These are the steps  in which you do things:

1. Connect the VGA cable from the laptop to the projector or console.
2. Turn on the PROJECTOR, let it warm up and select the proper COMPUTER input using the MODE or INPUT button on the remote control.
3. Turn on your computer LAST. (Never rely on your laptop's battery. It will fail you. Always bring your AC Adapter.)

This is important because when you turn on your lap top, it will search all the ports and connectors to vertife what's hooked up to it. So theoretically, the computer will know there is a projector connected and send the signal that dispaly on the screen out to the projector. 

But (there's always a but) what do you do when it doesn't send the signal to the projector? 

ALWAYS CHECK THIS FIRST: Is the projector's input set to the correct COMPUTER input? If it is, try the following:

For PC users: If you get an image on the laptop screen but not on the projector, check the following:

1. On your laptop's keyboard, find the key marked "FUNCTION" (usually on the lower left corner of the keyboard).
2. Then, search for a key that has either the letters "LCD/CRT" or a little monitor icon. Most often, it will be in the top row of keys marked F1 through F12, but not always.
3. When you have both keys located, press the FUNCTION key and then the LCD/CRT key that you located before. It might take a couple of seconds for the computer to react.
   This should toggle the screen image through a cycle like this:  Image on Laptop Screen | Image on Projector | Image on Both

So if you press the "Function F" key sequence once, you'll get an image on the projector, but your laptop screen will go black. Press the key sequence again and you'll see the image through the projector and on your laptop. (This information will be in your laptop's instruction manual.)
For MAC users OS X:
The instructions for setting your display and mirroring preferences are available in two formats: HTML and PDF.
Know your laptop! Read the manual and carry it with you. Always do a dry run before your class starts to work out any bugs.

SCREEN RESOLUTIONS:
Screen resolution affects what you see projected and how it looks. This will be important if you use fine, detailed images and text.

The back story: When desktop computers were first introduced, the monitors all had the same resolution: 640 pixels wide by 480 pixels high.
Today, monitors and computers have advanced to the point where many different resolutions are possible from 640x480 up to 1920x1200 pixels. So-called "standard" resolutions are: 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768. Anything else is going to cause problems with a projector.

(Just to confuse you further, some older laptops can only display 800x600 pixels using the laptop's screen, but can output to a video projector a 1024x768 resolution image. Laptops can even split the display so half the desktop is in the laptop's screen, the other half is sent to the video projector. Yikes. See why we recommend testing it first?)

To add to the fun, with some older or less expensive laptops, the electronics that control the display may not be powerful enough to send the computer's signal to the laptop screen and to a projector at the same time. This means you will have to shut off the laptop screen to get an image on a projector.

Standard TV projectors can display up to 1024x768 (higher resolutions will be compressed down to 1024x768).
So, what does this mean for you?

In a nutshell: If your laptop has a non-standard display, the laptop screen and the projector image may not match. For example, users of the Toshiba 8300 will note that the native resolution on the laptop is 1400x1050. That will cause all sorts of problems with our consoles. When you change the setting to 1028x1024, the laptop screen has black bars on the sides. This is normal. The same thing happens with Apple's G4 15" Powerbooks.

So what should you do? TEST it before you need it. Get into your classroom and try it before your first class. 

One more thing... Set your color to 16-bit (Windows users). Some laptops won't mirror if the color is set to 32-bit.

References:
http://www.sfsu.edu/

Below is the problem when installing any programs.It simply say "Could not access network location "....

Fix the error :

Error 1606. Could not access network location ???? Anythings

Error 1606 might occur if one of the systems predefined locations points to a remote computer or network location that is not connected. This behavior can be caused by an incorrect setting in a registry entry.

So Windows registry modification is required. These modifications, if not done correctly, can cause serious problems to a Windows system. The articles on how to do that correctly are contained in Microsoft's Knowledge Base.

1. Click Start, and then click Run. The Run dialog box opens.
2. In the Open field, type regedit, and then click OK. The Registry Editor opens.
3. In the Registry Editor, locate the following registry key:

   HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders

4. In the right pane, note the values in the Data column of each entry. If any value contains a drive that is not correct for your computer, right-click the entry and select Modify.
5. Type the correct drive letter in the Value data field, and click OK. For example, if one of the values is "X:\Documents and Settings\Administrator", the drive letter should be changed to a valid drive on the system, such as “C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator".
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for each entry whose Data value contains an incorrect drive.
7. Repeat steps 3 through 6 for each of the following registry keys:

   HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders

8. Close the Registry Editor and run the installation again

Solution:Internet

Do you know your computer components?

Below are the basis computer hardware that run inside your computer(new/old).

Center Unit Processors

CPU is the brain of any computer. It controls all activities inside the computer. Basically it performs 2 types of operations - arithmetic & logical operation (internally), operations are performed on 2 types of devices - I/O and memory devices. It uses the “address bus” to select any “location” on these devices, sends a read/write signal over the “control bus” and then the information over the “data bus”.

Memory Devices
The CPU stores all information in the computer’s memory. There are two memory types - RAM & ROM

RAM (Random Access Memory):
This volatile type is a read & write memory device. This loses its contents when power is shut off.

The types of RAM are:

• DRAM (Dynamic ram) – is similar to a capacitor, as it tends to lose its contents and hence requires to be refreshed. This is the Computer RAM.
• SRAM (Static ram) – Is faster than Dram and doesn’t require to be refreshed. This is costly and hence only a limited amount is used as CACHE memory in the computer.
• DDR= (Double Data Rate SDRAM)DDR has doubles the rate of data transfer of standard SDRAM by transferring data on the up and down tick of a clock cycle.It is incompatible with SDRAM physically, but uses a similar parallel bus, making it easier to implement than RDRAM, which is a different technology.
  
  

ROM (Read only memory):

ROM can be programmed using a programmer and then it acts as a “read only” device. This device is used as the textbook for the CPU in the computer and is called ROM BIOS. It stores all the basic information of programming the devices present inside the system as well as the POST (Power On Self Test) sequence. AMIBIOS and AWARD BIOS are the most common ROM BIOS.

The types of ROM are:

- PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)

- EPROM (Erasable & Programmable Read Only Memory)

- FLASH ROM

- EEPROM (Electrically EPROM)

- EAPROM (Electrically Alterable ROM)

-DVD-ROM


I/O DEVICES:

Apart from passive memory devices, there are certain controllers in the system, which assist the CPU in performing various operations. These are referred to as I/O devices. These devices include Interrupt controller, Timer, Ports, DMA Controller, Floppy Drive Controller, CRT Controller etc.

BUSES & EXPANSION SLOTS:

These are the means through which communication between various devices of the computer takes place and the types are as mentioned below.


MCA BUS (Micro Channel Architecture):

MCA bus is available either in 16 bit or 32 bit versions. It was developed in a new line of computers called the PS/2 (personal system 2). The clock speed is slightly faster (10MHZ instead of 8MHZ).

EISA BUS:

EISA has a 32-bit Address and Data bus and 10MHZ CLK speed.

VL BUS/VESA LOCAL BUS:

It is a 32-bit bus which was positioned local to the CPU and hence its name. Therefore it could support high bus speeds (that of the CPU).

PCI BUS:

PCI has many benefits over other bus types. First of all, it supports 64 bit and 32-bit data paths. So it can be used both for 486 and Pentium based systems. PCI can run up to 33MHZ speed and has the advantage of being isolated from the CPU. INTEL developed this bus.

PCMCIA: (PC Memory Card International Association):*

The PCMCIA was first designed for expanding the memory in small, handled computers. PCMICIA’S bus width is only 16 bits, but a 32-bit version is on its way. There are three types of cards namely

- Type 1 (3.3 m thick)- used for memory card.

- Type 2 (5 mm thick)- used for modem and LAN adapter.

- Type 3 (10.5 mm0 thick) - used for most common applications like PC hard disk Cards.

ADD ON CARDS:

These are cards plugged on to the main board, the mother board (The one that houses the CPU & RAM/ROM Bios). Each performs specific functions of interfacing the Motherboard to peripheral device like mouse, Monitor etc. Some Add-ons are discussed below.

DISPLAY ADAPTER:

These interface the mainboard with the monitor and there are several types of cards. The variations are in resolution, no. Of colors supported and speed.

PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), It's new generation of graphics cards,officially abbreviated as PCIe
Most computer use the PCI-express graphic card now.

EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter):*

640 X 350 mode

VGA (Video Graphics Adapter):*

Advanced versions of SVGA/TVGA which start from a resolution of 640 X 480 pixel

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port):*

Introduced in the celeron/P II based systems, this caters to the demanding multimedia applications with its high performance.

IDE I/O CARD:

Supports the following functions.

SERIAL PORT:

Communication external to the computer is done serially (bit after bit) through this port. It is used to connect communication devices like mouse, modem etc.

PARALLEL PORT:

8 Bit data transfer takes place between the computer and an external device. It is typically used to connect a printer.

GAME PORT:

It is used to connect a joystick for playing games.

IDE (Integrated/Intelligent Drive Electronics) Interface: This interface is used to communicate with IDE Hard disks.
USB interface.

SOUND CARD:

This is the card that adds audio effects to the computer .Most of the computer has build in the card. The advance user might get external card for building up Multimedia Computers.

PERIPHERAL DEVICES:

FLOPPY DRIVES:*replace By thumb drive/flash drive.

Thumb drive is re-writable and holds memory without a power supply.The storage space up to 2Gb.

HARD DISK DRIVES:

ST 506 & ESDI are old types. IDE hard disks are popular because their price to performance ratio is very good. For very high performance, SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) is the ideal option, if price is not a criterion.The Last er trend is SATA 1 and SATA 2.SATA hard disc has double the speed of ATA interface hard disc..

ROM DRIVES:

CD/DVD ROM drive is used in a multimedia system as it can support all types of CD ROMs/DVD-Rom – be it data CD, Audio CD, Video CD. It has a great advantage of storing about 650 MB of data in a single CD.and DVD storage up to 4 Gb.

KEYBOARD:

Keyboard translates the keystrokes into letters or numbers. These letters are interpreted and the computer CPU depending executes commands on what was sent. Variations in terms of XT/AT, no. of keys, type of keys used may be observed.

MOUSE:

To interact with the pictures (ICONS), a special pointer device was introduced into the computer world. This device is known as mouse and is connected to the serial port/USB.

The mouse contains a round ball that makes contact with two rollers-one for X-axis (the horizontal) and one for Y-axis (the vertical).

With the optical sensor and bluetooth technogy,the mouse can be use without wire-wireless mouse.

SCANNERS:

In addition to keyboards and pointing devices, there is another very common method of getting data into the computer. A Scanner is used to scan an image (say from a photo) and editing may be done using a suitable software.

MONITORS:

The monitor receives video signals from the computer video adapter card and displays the video information as pixels (picture elements) on the monitor screen. A variety of monitors ranging from CGA mono to SVGA colour are available for users to choose from (though the former is totally obsolete).

The LCD Monitor(liquid crystal display monitor)
LCDs use 2 sheets of polarizing material with a solution of liquid crystal between them. An electric current passes through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light can not pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

Comparison between LCD monitor and CRT monitor.


Configuration Setup:

This is where we define the system configuration. This is done only when the system is assembled and configured for the first time or when it is upgraded. (One may enter the SETUP by pressing “Del” key as the system is powered up).

Different BIOS’ support different options but the most essential ones, which are found on all systems, are listed below.

DATE & TIME: It displays the correct Date & Time. It has to be set when system is first installed.

FLOPPY TYPE:*Replace By USB thumb drive.

To define the Floppy drives connected (1.2MB or 1.44MB).

HARD DISK TYPE: To select the Hard disk type (Primary or secondary and slave or master)

DISPLAY TYPE: Its select the types of video adapter used for the system monitor.

CACHE ENABLE/DISABLE:

This category speeds up the Memory access. (Default value: Enable) and defines presence or absence of cache memory.

QUICK POWER ON SELF TEST: Its speeds up the Power On Self Test after you power up the computer.

PASSWORD SETTING: This allows you to set the System password.

POWER MANAGEMENT: This category allows you to select the type (or degree) of power saving.

LOADING DEFAULT VALUES:

There are many parameters, which need to be defined in the CMOS setup, and one may not want to do so manually. This option loads certain default values, stored in the BIOS ROM, which have been defined by the manufacturer for optimal system performance.

ENABLE/DISABLE ON BOARD FUNCTIONS:

To enable/disable certain onboard functions like Floppy Disk Control etc (This applies only to integrated Motherboards where the ADD ON functions are integrated on the Motherboard itself).

PNP FEATURES: This category is used to configure the PCI Bus slots.

IDE AUTO DETECTION*: This allows you to detect the IDE Hard drives automatically.

*Replace By SATA.

SAVING & EXITING:

This allows you to save the new setting value in the CMOS memory and continue with the booting process.

POST (POWER ON SELF TEST):

This POST firmware is stored in ROM on the motherboard. This POST is a series of a simple program to test and catch faults in different components and circuits. It tests the microprocessor, interrupt controller, PPI, DMA controller, ROM, RAM, peripheral controllers etc.

SYMPTOMS:

In case of error detection during POST, indications like error beeps/error messages helps troubleshoot problems.


DISPLAYED ERROR MESSAGES:

When system is powered on, error message will be displayed on the screen (Floppy disk fail), if the Video Adapter is functional.

DIAGNOSTIC CARDS:

The advanced diagnostic add on card captures details of POST sequence and displays a hexa code which may be used for in-depth & accurate diagnosis of a POST problem.

CDROM DRIVES:

A computer CD-ROM drive uses small, interchangeable, plastic-encased discs from which data is retrieved using a laser beam, much like music compact disc. And like a music CD, a computer CD-ROM stores vast amounts of information. This is achieved by using light to record data in a form that’s more tightly packed than the relatively clumsy magnetic read/write heads a conventional drive must manage.

The drive is controlled by a software in your PC that sends instructions to controller circuitry that’s either a part of the computers motherboard or on a separate board installed in an expansion slot.
How a CD_ROM drive works?

- A motor constantly varies the rate at which CD-ROM disc spins so that regardless of where a component, called DETECTOR, is located in relation to the radius of the disc, the portion of the disc immediately above the detector is always at the same speed.

- The laser projects a concentrated beam of light that is further focused by a focusing coil.

- The laser beam penetrates a protective layer of plastic and strikes a reflective layer that looks like aluminum foil on the bottom of disc.

- The surface of the reflective layer alternates between lands and pits. Lands are flat surface areas; pits are tiny depression in the reflective layer. these surface are record of the 1s and 0s used to store data.

- Lights that strikes a pit scattered. But light that strikes a land is reflected directly back at the detector, where it passes through a prism that deflects laser beam to a LIGHT-SENSING DIODE.

- Each pulse of light that strikes the light-sensing diode generates a small electrical voltages. These voltages are matched against a timing circuit to generates a stream of 1s and 0s that can understand.


More computer hardware knowledge.stay tone.

*Note:Replace by newer technology. ..


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